Articles from Other Journals
The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) requires airlines to offset their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions above 2019 levels by either buying carbon offsets or using Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs). These are drop-in jet fuels made from biomass or other renewable resources that reduce GHG emissions by at least 10 % compared to kerosene and meet certain sustai ...
Carbon offsetting; Corsia; Greenhouse gas; International aviation; Jet fuel; Sustainable aviation fuel
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Biogas generated from food waste through anaerobic digestion is typically utilized for heat and electricity. However, recent developments in synthetic biology have enabled the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in biogas into desired products by microorganisms. This study introduced a novel bioroute for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using food waste in a carbo ...
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Conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods are able to assess environmental impact using significant resources (including time and data). However, due to the challenges associated with data collection these can still suffer from issues including representation accuracy, comparability, data availability, data quality, and uncertainty. This paper describes a new streamlined, high-level framewo ...
Life cycle assessment; Framework approach; Aviation; global warming; Net zero
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This critical review comprehensively assesses the current landscape of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technologies, their associated costs, emissions profiles, policy implications, and market dynamics. This review highlights several key findings regarding bio-jet fuels as a low-carbon emission alternative to traditional jet fuel. First, the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) technology ...
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As Europe faces the dual challenge of decarbonizing its energy sector while ensuring energy security, REPowerEU reinforces the ambitious targets outlined in the Green Deal, complementing the “Fit for 55” package. This work analyses sustainable biomethane production in Europe, with a specific focus on Italy, and its conversion into sustainable fuels. Under the light of existing policy targets and r ...
Biogas; Biomass; Biofuels; Biomethane; Aviation; Maritime; Fischer-Tropsch; Methanol; Anaerobic digestion; Reforming; Syngas; ATJ; Fermentation; Ethanol; Process modelling; Renewable fuels; Sustainability; Energy policy
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The present paper compared, through life cycle assessment (LCA), the production of aviation biofuel from two hydrothermal routes of microalgae cultivated in wastewater. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and gasification followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (G + FT) were compared. Both routes included biomass production, hydrotreatment for biofuel upgrading, and product fractionation. Secondary data ...
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The aviation sector accounts for about 3% of global CO2 emissions and aviation emissions will further increase as air travel is predicted to grow in the future. Planes are difficult to electrify, therefore sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) will be an option to defossilize aviation. In this study, Power-to-Liquid (PtL) routes with Fischer–Tropsch (FT) and Methanol-to-Jet (MtJ) fuel synthesis are cons ...
Aspen plus; Power-to-Liquid (PtL); Methanol-to-Jet (MtJ); Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA); Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)
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Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) represent the short-term solution to reduce fossil carbon emissions from aviation.
Decarbonisation; Aviation; Sustainable Aviation Fuels; CCS; Lifecycle assessment; Net-negative emissions
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The aviation industry is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, making it critical to transition from traditional fossil jet fuels to eco-friendly sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). This change is essential to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions by 2030. Moreover, Waste tires presents a significant environmental challenge due to their durability and difficulty of disposal. Their toxic and f ...
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Since 2006, the rapid development of China’s aviation industry has been accompanied by a significant increase in one of its emissions, namely, PM2.5, which poses a substantial threat to human health. However, little data is describing the PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft activities. This study addresses this gap by initially computing the monthly PM2.5 emissions of the landing-take-off (LTO) ...
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This paper aims to carry out an integrated Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate the environmental performance of retrofitting an existing first-generation ethanol plant for sustainable aviation fuel production. Two scenarios are defined, considering: (i) the incorporation of an alcohol-to-jet conversion pathway into a current bioethanol plant in Spain to produce synthetic paraffinic kerosene with aro ...
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The discussion about the environmental impact caused by aviation has gained greater prominence due to the increased demand for this sector and, consequently, the increase in the number of flights. Environmental concerns have stimulated the development of novel approaches to reduce pollutants and CO2 emissions. This study aims to assess the impact of disruptive concepts on commercial aircraft by re ...
Aircraft; Aviation; Scenarios; COz emissions
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Recent studies have provided a critical evaluation of the production of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) from biobutanol derived from biomass, underscoring their essential role in diminishing carbon emissions in the aviation industry. These studies highlight the significance of SAFs, particularly for long-haul flights, where they offer a viable solution for decarbonization and environmental susta ...
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As the regulations related to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from fuel become stricter, fundamental changes are being effectuated to achieve the Paris Agreement agenda. Since the aviation sector contributes to 2.5 % of the global CO2 emission, it is imperative to tackle this conundrum imminently by reducing the CO2 emission from commercial flights, which are the main contributors to CO2 emission ...
Renewable fuel; Emerging technologies; SAF policies; Life cycle assessment; Techno-economic analvsis
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Drop-in biofuels for aviation have been pointed out as a sustainable alternative for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. These fuels are hydrocarbons and have a performance and composition similar to fossil fuels. Developing conversion routes for their production has stimulated different research projects and is considered one of the most challenging areas in biofuels research. In the prese ...
Pyrolysis; SAF; Biogasoline; Green diesel; NbOPO4 catalyst; Deoxygenation; Hydrogen-free process
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Supporting the pathway to net zero carbon emissions in the aviation industry, sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) will contribute to a large extent to reduce net CO2 emissions in the next decades to deliver on climate targets. For this reason, the large-scale uptake of SAFs in aviation is on top of the agenda of regulatory policy. However, challenges remain for building the respective infrastructure ...
Sustainable aviation fuels; SAF pricing; Regulation policy; SAF production pathways; Environmental impacts
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Air quality in airport attracts a widespread attention due to the emission of GHGs and pollutants related with aircraft flight. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has confirmed PM2.5 reduction due to free of aromatics and sulphur, and thus air quality improvement in airport is prospected by SAF blend. Two types of SAF were assessed the potential of energy saving and emission reduction by ZF850 jet en ...
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Aviation contributes to anthropogenic climate change by emitting both carbon dioxide (CO2) and non-CO2 emissions through the combustion of fossil fuels. One approach to reduce the climate impact of aviation is the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Two distinct technological options are presently under consideration for the implementation of hydrogen in aviation: hydrogen fuel cell architectu ...
Aviation; Hydrogen demand; Sustainable aviation fuels; COz emissions; Emission reduction0
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Challenges related to economic viability and production processes to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) have significantly hindered its widespread commercial adaptations. This mini review provides the current opinion on various feedstocks and conversion processes for low-cost SAF production. The primary emphasis lies on exploring alternatives to traditional feed crops with a shift toward utilizing li ...
Jet fuel; Hydroprocessed fats and oils; Alcohol to jet fuel; Non-thermal plasma technique; Sustainable process
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The increasing demand for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) creates a need for innovative biomass and lipid sources with compositions that are compatible with refineries. Algae-derived oils present an opportunity to supply a process-compatible lipid feedstock at yields higher than those of conventional oilseed crops. With few documented reports on chemical composition, the process readiness remains ...
Biomass,Extraction,Lipids,Pretreatment,Quality management
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contrails, CO2 and NOx emissions. Renewably sourced aviation kerosene can help to reduce the climate impact from CO2 and from contrails, but so far, its production capacities are very small. Hence, the climate impact of using fossil fuel-based kerosene with a hydrogen content increased by hydroprocessing as short term mitigation measure is studied here. Therefore, the change in net energy forcing ...
Aviation climate impact；Fossil fuel-based kerosene；Hydroprocessing；Contrail climate impact；Mitigation potential
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One of the most promising mid-term solutions for reducing GHG emissions from the aviation sector is alternative aviation fuels, especially sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs). Regulations imposed by the Fit for 55 package to use 38% of SAFs until 2050 require a comprehensive analysis of SAFs and production pathway development with increased blending limits of alternative fuel. Within this review, a ...
alternative aviation fuels; SAF; PM emissions; LCA; SAF certification
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To reduce aviation’s climatic impact, there are international, regional and national policies in place and under development. The most firm policy measure to reduce net CO2 emissions from aviation is ReFuelEU Aviation, requiring 70% of fuel tanked in the EU to be net CO2-free in 2050. Considering the technological options available, expected improvements in airline operational efficiency and aircr ...
aviation decarbonization; aviation CO2 emissions; decarbonization policy analysis; sustainable aviation fuels; aviation system efficiency; travel demand analysis
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The objective of this work is to develop a new modelling tool to quantify non-CO2 emissions from aircraft during the landing and take-off (LTO cycle) considering the following criteria: (i) utilising freely available activity data; (ii) using widely recommended emission factors; (iii) providing emissions with the spatial and temporal resolution required for local air quality assessment. Freely ava ...
aviation; emission modelling; non-CO2 aircraft emissions; LTO; flight tracking data
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This study investigates the performance and environmental impact of n-butanol blended with Jet-A fuel in turbo engines, aiming to assess its viability as a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The research involves the experimental testing of various blends, ranging from low to high concentrations of n-butanol, to determine their effects on engine performance and emissions. The experimental setup incl ...
butanol; kerosene; aviation; turbo engine; fuel; sustainability
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Large-scale sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production and use is essential to achieving net-zero aviation by 2050. In this perspective, we argue that catalysing SAF production from the very low level of 2022 (0.1% of the 2050 required level for net-zero) can be achieved via the establishment of “green flight paths” (GFPs) that kick-start SAF implementation through targeted support from key intern ...
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This study evaluates the authenticity, verifiability, and alignment of Voluntary Carbon Offset (VCO) claims made by eighteen European airlines, aligning them with proposed EU regulations specifically targeting greenwashing practices. Our analysis focuses on four key components within VCO programs: measurement, integrity, significance, and alignment. Our findings reveal that European airlines are e ...
aviation greewashing; carbon offset; carbon credits; EU regulation; ESG
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This contribution focuses on the abatement with hydrogen of CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. It is agenda-setting in two respects. Firstly, it challenges the globally accepted hydrocarbon sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) pathway to sustainability and recommends that our industry accelerates along the hydrogen pathway to ‘green’ aviation. Secondly, it reports a philosophical and analytical investigation o ...
Hydrogen propulsion; hydrogen aircraft; gas turbines; CO2 emissions; non-CO2 emissions; green aviation
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The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) raw material planting process will inevitably cause carbon emissions from induced land use change (ILUC). However, limited by the regional specificity of energy plants, the ILUC emissions value of SAF is less considerable in the case of soil carbon sequestration during the raw material planting process. Therefore, this study used the CENTURY model to predict the ...
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The effects of composition of bio-jet fuels on freezing point,smoke point,distillation range,and flash point are investigated.Performance tests using petroleum-based jet fuel with different compositions are conducted in line with standard test specifications.The results show that alkylbenzenes reduce the freezing point,with the amount of reduction becoming greater with increasing alkylbenzene cont ...
sustainable aviation fuel; freezing point; smoke point; distillation range; flash point
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Developing production technology pathways of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) that align with China’s national conditions and aviation transportation needs is crucial for promoting the SAF industry and achieving China’s carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. This article first projects the future SAF demand in China for the coming decades. Using SAF demand data as an input, this article employs t ...
sustainable aviation fuel; demand prediction; technology pathways; TOPSIS; segmented ensemble prediction
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Discussion of the Standards System for Sustainable Aviation Fuels: An Aero-Engine Safety Perspective
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) are considered an important solution for reducing carbon emissions. Safety is the most important prerequisite for a new fuel to be used in an aero-engine. As a special component in aero-engines, fuel is required to comply with both airworthiness and technical standards. These two types of standard work together to guide SAF development. In this paper, the SAF safe ...
sustainable aviation fuel; fuel assessment; aero-engine; certification standard; airworthiness
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Aviationemissionaccountingisthekeytoestablishingmarketmeasurestocontrolaviationpollutant emissions. Based on the fuel percentage method (FPM), this paper applies the improved BFFM2-FOA-FPM (Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2–First Order Approximation FPM) to calculate the emissions of six pollutants (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5) between Chinese and foreign cities from 2014 to 2019, including CCD (clim ...
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The current certification process related to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has some problems to be solved, such as high testing costs, high testing fuel consumption, and the lack of safety criteria. In this paper, we proposed a system safety-based SAF safety assessment method and also offered a certification process for engine system safety. With the system safety of the engine as the top-level ...
System Safety; Airworthiness Certification; Sustainable Aviation Fuel; Safety Critical Parameter
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Global aviation operations contribute to anthropogenic climate change via a complex set of processes that lead to a net surface warming. Of importance are aviation emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapor, soot and sulfate aerosols, and increased cloudiness due to contrail formation. Aviation grew strongly over the past decades (1960–2018) in terms of activity, with re ...
Aviation；Contrail cirrus；Climate；Radiative forcing；CO2；NOx
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Aviation sector discharges approximately 2% of the global anthropogenic CO2, and the proportion is growing. The search for cost-effective and environmental-friendly bio-jet fuels derived from natural resources is gaining momentum. The microalgae cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, light intensity and nutrients have shown significant influence on the microalgae growth rate and chemica ...
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